Frenchman Serge Haroche and American David Wineland have won the 2012
Nobel Prize in physics for inventing and developing methods for
observing tiny quantum particles without destroying them.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited the two scientists on
Tuesday “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring
and manipulation of individual quantum systems.”
“Their ground-breaking methods have enabled this field of research to
take the very first steps towards building a new type of super fast
computer based on quantum physics,” the academy said. “The research has
also led to the construction of extremely precise clocks that could
become the future basis for a new standard of time.”
This year’s Nobel Prize announcements got under way on Monday with the
medicine prize going to stem cell pioneers John Gurdon of Britain and
Japan’s Shinya Yamanaka. Each award is worth 8 million kronor, or about
$1.2 million.
Recent winners of the Nobel Prize in physics, and their research, according to the Nobel Foundation:
2012- Serge Haroche of France and David Wineland of the U.S. for “for
ground-breaking experimental methods” that enable measuring and
manipulation of individual quantum systems
2011- American physicist Saul Perlmutter, U.S-Australian researcher
Brian Schmidt and American professor Adam Riess “for the discovery of
the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of
distant supernovae.”
2010 – Russian-born scientists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov for
“ground-breaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material
graphene.”
2009 – British-American Charles K. Kao, Canadian-American Willard S.
Boyle and American George E. Smith for breakthroughs in fiber optics and
the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit.
2008 - U.S. citizen Yoichiro Nambu and Japanese researchers Makoto
Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa for work on “spontaneous broken
symmetry” in subatomic physics.
2007- France’s Albert Fert and Germany’s Peter Gruenberg for work on the discovery of giant magneto resistance.
2006 - Americans John C. Mather and George F. Smoot for work examining
the infancy of the universe, aiding the understanding of galaxies and
stars and increasing support for the Big Bang theory of the beginning of
the universe.
2005 - Americans John L. Hall and Roy J. Glauber and German Theodor W.
Haensch, for research explaining the behaviour of light particles and
determining the frequency of light with great precision.
2004 - Americans David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczeck,
for their work in the discovery and exploration of strong force and
quarks.
2003 - Alexei A. Abrikosov, United States and Russia, Anthony J.
Leggett, United States and Britain, and Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Russia, for
their work concerning superconductivity and superfluidity in the field
of quantum physics.
2002 - Raymond Davis, Jr. United States, and Masatoshi Koshiba, Japan,
for their research into cosmic neutrinos; and Riccardo Giacconi, United
States, for pioneering contributions to astrophysics that led to the
discovery of cosmic X-ray sources.
2001 - Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman, United States, and U.S.—based
researcher Wolfgang Ketterle of Germany for creating a new state of
matter, an ultra-cold gas known as Bose-Einstein condensate.
2000 - Zhores I. Alferov, Russia, Researcher Herbert Kroemer of Germany,
and Jack Kilby, United States, for work that helped create modern
information technology.
1999 - Gerardus ‘t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman, Netherlands, for
their theoretical work on the structure and motion of subatomic
particles.
1998 - Robert B. Laughlin, United States, Horst L. Stoermer, Germany,
and Daniel C. Tsui, United States, for discovering a new form of quantum
fluid that gives more profound insights into the general inner
structure and dynamics of matter.
1997- Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, United States, and Claude
Cohen-Tannoudji, France, for their work in cooling and trapping atoms
with laser light.
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