The ocean's deepest volcanic vents, kilometres below the surface, are teeming with life forms never before seen that thrive near super-hot underwater geysers, according to a new study.
Eyeless shrimps and white-tentacled anemones were photographed bunched around cracks in the ocean floor spewing mineral-rich water that may top 450 degrees Celsius , researchers reported recently.
The vents, called baptised the Beebe Vent Field, were discovered on the Caribbean seafloor in the Cayman Trough. Some five kilometres below the surface, the trench is home to the world's deepest known ‘black smoker' vents, so-called for the cloudy fluid that gushes from them.
During an expedition in 2010, a team lead by marine geochemist Doug Connelly of Britain's National Oceanography Centre and University of Southampton biologist Jon Copley used a deep-diving robot submarine to explore the trough.
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The researchers also found previously unknown vents on the upper slopes of nearby Mount Dent.
This rises some three kilometres from the sea floor. Cameras on the submarine captured startling images of a new species of ghostly-pale shrimp — dubbedRimicaris hybisae — that had gathered in clusters of up to 2,000 specimens per square metre.
Lacking normal eyes, the shrimp have a light-sensing organ on their backs, presumably to help them navigate in the faint glow of the deep-sea vents, said the study that was published in Nature Communication.
A related species, Rimicaris exoculata, has been found living at the edge of another deep-sea vent 4,000 kilometres away on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Elsewhere at the Beebe Vent Field, the scientists saw hundreds of white anemones lining the cracks where warm, copper-rich water seeps from the sea bed. The vents on Mount Dent also thronged with the new shrimp, along with a snake-like fish, an unknown species of snail and a flea-like crustacean called an amphipod.
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