The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) report -2013 released by the United Nations has presented data on progress made towards the Millennium Development Goals and targets for the world as a whole and for sub-regions, each sub-region comprising of a group of countries. Separate data to indicate India’s progress on Maternal Mortality Ratio and Infant Mortality Rate are not available in this report.
However, as per the official estimates of Registrar General of India (RGI-SRS) Sample Registration System (SRS), Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) has declined from 301 per 100,000 live births in 2001-03 to 212 per 100,000 live births in 2007-09 and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined from 66 per 1000 live births in 2001 to 44 per 1000 live births in 2011.
The key steps taken to accelerate the pace of reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) towards achieving the MDG Goals -2015 are:
• Promotion of institutional deliveries through Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY).
• Operationalization of sub-centres, Primary Health Centers, Community Health Centres and District Hospitals for providing 24x7 basic and comprehensive obstetric care, neonatal, infant and child care services.
• Capacity building of health care providers in basic and comprehensive obstetric care, Integrated Management of Neo-natal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (NSSK) etc.
• Mother and Child Protection Card in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development to monitor service delivery for mothers and children.
• Name based web enabled tracking of pregnant women & children has been introduced to ensure optimal antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal care to pregnant women and care to newborns, infants and children.
• Identifying the severely anaemic cases among pregnant women at sub centres and PHCs for their timely management
• Antenatal, Intra-natal and Postnatal care including Iron and Folic Acid supplementation to pregnant, lactating women and Iron and Folic Acid supplementation to children and adolescents for prevention and treatment of anaemia.
• To tackle the problem of anaemia due to malaria particularly in pregnant women and children, Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) and Insecticide Treated Bed Nets (ITBNs) are being distributed in endemic areas.
• Management of Malnutrition particularly Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) by establishing Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs).
• Exclusive breastfeeding for first six months and appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are being promoted in convergence with Ministry of Woman and Child Development.
• Strengthening of Facility based newborn care by setting up Newborn care corners (NBCC) in all health facilities where deliveries take place; Special New Born Care Units (SNCUs) at District Hospitals and New Born Stabilization Units (NBSUs) at First Referral Units for the care of sick newborn.
• Engagement of 8.92 lakhs Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to generate demand and facilitate accessing of health care services by the community.
• Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) has been initiated through ASHA to improve new born care practices at the community level and for early detection and referral of sick new born babies.
• Village Health and Nutrition Days in rural areas as an outreach activity, for provision of maternal and child health services and creating awareness on maternal and child care including health and nutrition education.
• Universal Immunization Program (UIP) against seven diseases for all children. Government of India supports the vaccine program by supply of vaccines and syringes, cold chain equipments and provision of operational costs.
• Vitamin A supplementation for children aged 6 months to 5 years.
• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) has been launched on 1st June, 2011, to eliminate any out of pocket expense for pregnant women delivering in public health institutions and sick newborns and infants accessing public health institutions for treatment.
Showing posts with label GENERAL STUDIES. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GENERAL STUDIES. Show all posts
Tuesday, August 27, 2013
Measures to Control Birth and Mortality Rates
As per the Sample Registration System (SRS) estimates for the year 2010 brought out by the Registrar General of India (RGI), Ministry of Home Affairs, the country level Birth Rate per 1000 population was 22.1 and Death (mortality) Rate per 1000 population was 7.2. No Census was conducted in the year 2010.
In 2010, the Birth Rate was lower in 25 States/UTs as compared to the national level. These States / UTs are Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
Further, the Death Rate for the year 2010 was lower in 26 States/UTs as compared to the national level. These States / UTs are Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
The Government has launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 throughout the country, with special focus on 18 states which have weak public health indicators and weak infrastructure to provide accessible, affordable, accountable, effective and reliable primary health care services, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of the population of India. The NRHM operates as an umbrella programme by integrating all vertical health programmes of the Departments of Health and Family Welfare like Reproductive & Child Health Programme including Family Planning Services and various National Diseases Control Programmes like Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, National Programme for Control of Blindness, National Leprosy Eradication Programme, National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme etc. Further, in order to improve the prevention, control and treatment of diseases in the country, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) has been implemented in the country which seeks to strengthen disease surveillance by detecting and responding to early warning signals of epidemic prone diseases.
In 2010, the Birth Rate was lower in 25 States/UTs as compared to the national level. These States / UTs are Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
Further, the Death Rate for the year 2010 was lower in 26 States/UTs as compared to the national level. These States / UTs are Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
The Government has launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 throughout the country, with special focus on 18 states which have weak public health indicators and weak infrastructure to provide accessible, affordable, accountable, effective and reliable primary health care services, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of the population of India. The NRHM operates as an umbrella programme by integrating all vertical health programmes of the Departments of Health and Family Welfare like Reproductive & Child Health Programme including Family Planning Services and various National Diseases Control Programmes like Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, National Programme for Control of Blindness, National Leprosy Eradication Programme, National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme etc. Further, in order to improve the prevention, control and treatment of diseases in the country, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) has been implemented in the country which seeks to strengthen disease surveillance by detecting and responding to early warning signals of epidemic prone diseases.
Review of Population Control Programme
India’s population will be more than that of China by the year 2028.
Due to the population momentum and impeded fertility, India’s population will continue to grow. However census 2011 shows that the percentage decadal growth rate has declined significantly during 2001-2011.
The approach to population stabilization under NRHM is through providing Family Planning Services while ensuring full reproductive choices to women.
The government has initiated the following interventions to address the population stabilization are:
i. Launching of two new schemes to utilize the services of ASHA: A scheme for making contraceptives available at the doorstep through ASHAs in all the districts across country. Another scheme involving ASHAs as catalysts for delaying age at first childbirth and spacing between births is made operational in 18 states. The ASHA is being incentivized for the same.
ii. Promoting post-partum family planning services and availability of fixed day static services at public health facilities.
iii. Placement of dedicated family planning counselors at high case load facilities
iv. Expanding basket of choice by introduction of a new device namely Cu IUCD 375 and a new method namely Postpartum IUCD
v. Santushti Scheme: The Santushti strategy provides private sector gynecologists and vasectomy surgeons an opportunity to conduct sterilization operations in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode in Bihar, UP, MP, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
vi. Prerna Scheme: It identifies and recognizes young married couples from backward districts who have adopted Responsible Parenthood Criteria as role models for other young couples in the district.
vii. Accreditation of private/NGO facilities to increase the provider base for family planning services
viii. Promoting acceptance of No Scalpel Vasectomy to ensure male participation
ix. Compensation Package for Sterilization acceptors for providing compensation for loss of wages to the beneficiary and also to the service provider for conducting sterilizations x. National Family Planning Indemnity Scheme’ (NFPIS) under which clients are insured in the eventualities of deaths, complications and failures following sterilization and the providers/ accredited institutions are indemnified against litigations in those eventualities.
As a result of the effort of the government, the growth rate of the country has come down significantly.
Due to the population momentum and impeded fertility, India’s population will continue to grow. However census 2011 shows that the percentage decadal growth rate has declined significantly during 2001-2011.
The approach to population stabilization under NRHM is through providing Family Planning Services while ensuring full reproductive choices to women.
The government has initiated the following interventions to address the population stabilization are:
i. Launching of two new schemes to utilize the services of ASHA: A scheme for making contraceptives available at the doorstep through ASHAs in all the districts across country. Another scheme involving ASHAs as catalysts for delaying age at first childbirth and spacing between births is made operational in 18 states. The ASHA is being incentivized for the same.
ii. Promoting post-partum family planning services and availability of fixed day static services at public health facilities.
iii. Placement of dedicated family planning counselors at high case load facilities
iv. Expanding basket of choice by introduction of a new device namely Cu IUCD 375 and a new method namely Postpartum IUCD
v. Santushti Scheme: The Santushti strategy provides private sector gynecologists and vasectomy surgeons an opportunity to conduct sterilization operations in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode in Bihar, UP, MP, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
vi. Prerna Scheme: It identifies and recognizes young married couples from backward districts who have adopted Responsible Parenthood Criteria as role models for other young couples in the district.
vii. Accreditation of private/NGO facilities to increase the provider base for family planning services
viii. Promoting acceptance of No Scalpel Vasectomy to ensure male participation
ix. Compensation Package for Sterilization acceptors for providing compensation for loss of wages to the beneficiary and also to the service provider for conducting sterilizations x. National Family Planning Indemnity Scheme’ (NFPIS) under which clients are insured in the eventualities of deaths, complications and failures following sterilization and the providers/ accredited institutions are indemnified against litigations in those eventualities.
As a result of the effort of the government, the growth rate of the country has come down significantly.
Saturday, August 24, 2013
Cabinet cleared a proposal to scrap the Collegium System
The Union Cabinet cleared a proposal to scrap the collegium system of appointing judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts on 22nd August. A Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) will be set up which will replace the collegium system of appointing judges to Supreme Court and High Courts.
According to the proposal, the government will set up a panel headed by the Chief Justice of India (CJI) to appoint and transfer senior judges. The other members of the proposed Commission will comprise the Law Minister, two judges of the Supreme Court, two eminent persons as members and Secretary (Justice) in the Law Ministry as Member Secretary.
Moreover, the Leader of the Opposition of either House of Parliament will be part of a committee which will be set up to nominate two eminent persons to the JAC. The committee will also include the CJI and the Prime Minister as other members. A constitutional amendment bill will be tabled in Parliament to approve the proposal. The move to set up JAC will require amendments to Articles 124, 217, 222 and 231 of the Constitution and insertion of Article 124 A.
The views and opinions of the governors, chief ministers and respective chief justices of the 24 high courts will be sought in writing for appointment of judges as per the procedure determined by the JAC. Bar associations, jurists and other bodies can also be asked to provide suggestions.
According to the proposal, the government will set up a panel headed by the Chief Justice of India (CJI) to appoint and transfer senior judges. The other members of the proposed Commission will comprise the Law Minister, two judges of the Supreme Court, two eminent persons as members and Secretary (Justice) in the Law Ministry as Member Secretary.
Moreover, the Leader of the Opposition of either House of Parliament will be part of a committee which will be set up to nominate two eminent persons to the JAC. The committee will also include the CJI and the Prime Minister as other members. A constitutional amendment bill will be tabled in Parliament to approve the proposal. The move to set up JAC will require amendments to Articles 124, 217, 222 and 231 of the Constitution and insertion of Article 124 A.
The views and opinions of the governors, chief ministers and respective chief justices of the 24 high courts will be sought in writing for appointment of judges as per the procedure determined by the JAC. Bar associations, jurists and other bodies can also be asked to provide suggestions.
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